Personal Ethics Paper - 1095 Words

Personal Ethics Development Paper Personal Ethics Development Paper At birth we are essentially a bare slate. At this time in our lives, we have learned nothing. Our only ability is to cry when we require nourishment or the need for individual vigilance and solace arises. Until certain things are compulsory we are content to lie there and watch the world rotate around us. Throughout life we evolve standards founded on what we have learned or experienced as we develop. The aim of evolving standards in young children is to set up the capability to make sound judgments and ethical conclusions (Kolberg, 1971). The whole method of worth development is lifelong and relentless (Nucci, 2002). There are as many individual†¦show more content†¦The first step is to educate an individual regarding what are anticipated behavioral standards. This education may engage the practice of assisting the progeny in memorizing the Ten Commandments or other scriptures that show lesson demeanor (flash.net, 2005). Examples in publications such as The Holy Bible supply parents and educators a rudimentary convention of agreeable demeanor standards. The Ten Commandments are the directions set by God from which we can evolve general values of demeanor and ethical standards. These values assist us in realizing the characteristics of right, lesson demeanor (flash.net, 2005). Various occurrences or tales of the persons mentioned in The Holy Bible can be used to show the rewards of suitable behavior or the penalties of unsuitable conduct. According to Christian and like beliefs it is incorrect to violate the guidelines of The Ten Commandments or other such guiding principles. Personal ethics may furthermore be called principles or standards because they weigh behavioral expectations. These ideals are the major convictions parents try to instill in young children and what humanity anticipates of one another without requiring broadcasting of the anticipation in any way. In other words, these behaviors are learned through the teachings of our parent s, educators, religious leaders, peers, and friends. Catalano (2000) discusses eight notions engaged in ethics. These values are the cornerstone of most ethical dilemmas. TheShow MoreRelatedPersonal Ethics Paper883 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Ethics Paper Fernando De La Peà ±a Llaca CMGT/530 April 11, 2011 Thomas Poole Personal Ethics Paper Ethics plays a big role in my life and also in my company, skip ethics in any situation can means a shortcut, a shortcut to a dead-end. Ethics is the way the morale and values prevail and using ethics in life brings big rewards. Because I am beginning a new stage in my life, especially in my academic life taking a master’s degree at University of Phoenix there is no difference; ethicsRead MorePersonal Ethics Paper1160 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Ethics Statement According to Guido, ethics is the branch of philosophy concerned with the evaluation of human action. A broader definition would be that ethics involves the principles or assumptions underpinning the way individuals or groups ought to conduct themselves. In today’s continuous changing world, the one thing that remains constant for most of us is our personal value system of beliefs, known as ethics. Ethics can also be referred to as morals. Therefore, ethics are thoseRead MorePersonal Ethics Development Paper871 Words   |  4 Pages(2007), define ethics as â€Å"the principles, norms, and standards of conduct governing an individual or organization.† I was influenced the way I determine different actions or behavior in a particular situation since I was a child. Growing up with a single Catholic mother made me value different things and behave in a particular way. In addition, this made me a have a particular ethical system that influences the way I work and act as an individual. At the corporation level, ethics is important becauseRead MorePersonal Ethics Reflection Paper2135 Words   |  9 PagesEthics is the study of how humans are in relationships with themselves and others (2012). Strong ethics comes from build ing community, respecting others, serving others, showing justice, and manifesting honesty (2016). With the ethical lens inventory, I believe in looking at relationships and life through a blend of responsibilities, rights and results. These ethical lenses are why I like to use my personal reasoning skills and intuition to balance between living into my flexible principles and determiningRead MorePersonal Ethics Reflection Paper1538 Words   |  7 PagesIn the beginning I did not understand the overall meaning of ethics. I knew that it had a lot to do with the world and what went on here on earth. Being in this class I learned that ethics cover everything from your personal beliefs, what is right and wrong, and the overall principles of it all. When we first started the project I had mixed feelings. In my head I was thinking â€Å"I will not see an ethical issue every day, this will be hard†. After a couple days of thinking, I began to ask myself a lotRead MoreCultural Value s and Personal Ethics Paper1151 Words   |  5 Pageshead: CULTURAL VALUES AND PERSONAL ETHICS PAPER Cultural Values and Personal Ethics Paper University of Phoenix Cultural Values and Personal Ethics Paper [The introduction goes here. It should be one or two paragraphs explaining the findings of your paper. The introduction should prepare the reader for the contents of the paper by previewing the three main topics in your paper. Be sure to end with a transition word or sentence to lead into Section 1 of your paper. Triple click anywhereRead MoreCultural Values and Personal Ethics Paper1583 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: CULTURAL VALUES AND PERSONAL ETHICS PAPER Cultural Values and Personal Ethics Paper MBA/500 Foundations of Problem-Based Learning R. Garth Ferrell April 23, 2006 University of Phoenix Cultural Values and Personal Ethics Paper Every day people make decisions that may have profound effect on their personal and/or professional lives as well as the lives of others. The decision people make have a foundation on their personal, cultural, and perhaps organizational values. WhenRead MoreCultural Values and Personal Ethics Paper1129 Words   |  5 PagesValues and Personal Ethics Paper All people have personal values and ethics, just as they have cultural values. Often times, those personal values and ethics may clash with those of their employer. As an example, as an individual, a persons ethical guidelines might require honesty, integrity and respect. If that individual works for a company that does not necessarily operate under those same tenets, the employee may well face an ethical dilemma. This paper looks into how personal values, organizationalRead More Cultural Values and Personal Ethics Paper1361 Words   |  6 PagesCultural Values and Personal Ethics Paper Personal, organizational, and cultural values are the basis of an individuals personal and professional decision-making style. These values are the key ingredients that make up our core beliefs. Values are ideas that are actions which could be right or wrong, good or bad that are the basis of human action (Tosi 2000). Personal values might also be called morality, since they reflect general expectations of any person in any society, acting in any capacityRead MorePersonal Worldview Business Ethics Paper1821 Words   |  8 PagesPersonal Worldview amp; Business Ethics Paper Liberty University BMAL 560 January 25, 2015 STEP 1 To what extent should personal religious beliefs impact our decisions about business ethics? Personal religious beliefs should impact all decisions about business ethics. If your beliefs are truly mandated in your life, then you have no choice but to be fair and honest about your business decisions. Business decisions can sometimes be difficult and harsh, but that is no reason to comprise

Teacher Evaluation Essay Samples Word Exposed

Teacher Evaluation Essay Samples Word Exposed Teacher Evaluation Essay Samples Word Options Evaluation essays can cover a whole lot of topics that is the reason why it is employed in a variety of industries and processes. An evaluation essay comprises an objective assessment that's written by means of a person who should be fully-knowledgeable of what he or she's writing about. Since an evaluation essay isn't only part of college essay examples as it may also be utilised in company and company processes, you need to understand the weight of its effectiveness. As with other kinds of essays, it requires an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. Based on the approach you will desire to pursue, there are particular considerations about how to compose a reaction paper to a documentary that you ought to make. There is an extensive selection of evaluation essay examples that are especially created for certain purposes. There are various types of evaluation essays and you ought to bear in mind that every one of them have differences based on the goal of their creation. What can set apart an evaluation essay from several types of academic essays is it can also be utilized in various undertakings within the corporate and skilled environment. The duration of your essay is not what universities search for. This study is designed to develop a system which could be better for the school. If you would like to create a college essay which works, you want to provide importance on the content which you will offer the admissions officer of your intended university with. To prevent common essay mistakes, a number of the things which you should always remind yourself when writing an evaluation essay are given below. The ideal way to evaluate a teacher is usually to do so with the assistance of students. Explain your relationship to the teacher, including details concerning how long you've known the teacher within this capacity together with outlining your history with the teacher in case you have one. A teacher needs to be efficient enough to lead the students to the appropriate path. She needs to measure the ability of a particular student. If you decide on any of the critical thinking essay samples, you will observe the essential structure. The function of the outline is to supply you with a blueprint' of the paper and quick reference when writing. If you would like to make an evaluation essay, you ought to be strategic when it regards the presentation of information that could be useful in the writing activity. The first thing you have to do when writing an evaluation essay is to be knowledgeable in regards to the topic which you will write about. The feature of the quality of a tea cher really matters. In the event you should pick a school, you may want to concentrate on a sure portion of the school like their classes, their food, or something different. Reading samples of response papers is also an additional way by which you can easily discover how to compose a reaction paper to documentary. For that reason, it's always recommended that you watch the documentary more often than once as a way to properly digest it and know what it is about. Teacher Evaluation Essay Samples Word: No Longer a Mystery Quite a few music or internet radio websites have come up on the Internet in the previous five decades. It's possible to also do some investigating to learn more about the points to discuss to be able to present a logical and compelling review. The evaluation of any candidate's performance is a beneficial tool for virtually any university. Our education form templates are totally customizable and can be formatted to satisfy your needs. Teacher Evaluation Essay Samples Word - What Is It? The very first is an e-mail a parent sent before conferences. Evaluation is typically done by companies to understand in case an employee has been doing their work well and if there's growth in conditions of an employee's performance. These evaluations might be announced or not based on the essence of the way that it is being done by the human resource department of the company where you're working at. Sometimes you just need to check at the results a teacher delivers to decide whether they are appropriate for their job or otherwise. Again, the point is to refrain from sounding too opinionated or biased. At the close of the day, it's not simple to conclude that a teacher does their job just because they go to class each day. A teacher and principal's day doesn't always allow for the chance to sit down and discuss teaching.

The Impact of Internet Technology on Consumer Behaviour

Question: Write an essay about the impact of internet technology on consumer behaviour. Answer: Introduction It is evident that business technique is under the revolution of Information Technology that is further transforming the way people do the business. The core business operation like decision-making, customer service, making strategies and HR management are being re-built with the use of Information Technology. In addition, the Information Technology plays a major role in the lives of people. It is also observed that the internet banking and e-commerce are also associated with the concept of Information Technology. With the help of user-friendly technology like the internet has changed the ways of living the daily life. People receive tremendous opportunities for communication, work as well as commercial activities. The current research proposal focuses on the factors associated with Information Technology that influences people to a greater extent. Literature Review The current scenario indicates that the new consumer is characterized by cynical attitude, which is manifested for traditional advertising as well as intent addiction. In addition, with the help of information technology, the media gains an increasing confidence on the part of consumers. Through information technology, the organizations receive information that IT influences the purchasing decision. There have been certain factors such as emotional responses to a particular website, the benefits of the shopping experience and the effectiveness of the websites that could influence the intention of people to go through the websites frequently (Venkatesh, Thong and Xu 2012). According to the outcome of the previous research, the consumers have increasingly higher self-confidence in the contents associated with the Internet that is generated by their peers. Thus, it can be mentioned that the most used internet tools to make the best purchase. As opined by Solomon, Russell-Bennett and Previte (2012), the more time spent by the users on the internet, more information they gathered that influence the buying decision. With the help of developed technology and innovation, the people find best ways to collect required information for their purchases. Furthermore, Cheung and Thadani (2012) stated that the internet is being increasingly developed since last two decades and with significant digital technology, the digital economy that is driven by the Information Technology being enhanced globally. After a long-term development of internet and the invention of highly developed technology, some advanced intent tools have been developed and implemented. These developed tools further help the organizations to endorse as well as improve the image of products and services through web pages. Through the development of internet technology, the organizations provide in-depth information regarding the products and services that attract more people and alter their behaviour from the traditional mode. On the contrary, a large number of organizations have been concerned with the fact that consumer behaviour transformation is unavoidable. As a result, the organizations have changed their marketing strategies. In addition, the recent research shows that the internet shopping specially in business to the consumer has increased as well as the online shopping has become popular. There have been some particular reasons behind the rapid development of online shopping that are considered as the benefits provided by Information Technology. However, Kesharwani and Singh Bisht (2012) stressed on gender, education, age and internet experience that largely influence the amount of time that users spend in searching for the information about the particular products and services. In the light of the age of consumers, Lee, Xiong and Hu (2012) stated that in comparison with the older customers, the young people especially those who fall under the age of 25, are more concerned with new technology like internet to search the information of the queries. The reason behind this implies that older customers could perceive the advantages of Internet shopping to be less than the expense of investing in the skilled required implementing effectively; thus, people may avoid shopping on internet. By considering the ratio of gender, Belanche, Casal and Guinalu (2012) opined that men tend to show more interest in using multiple types of technology while shopping or making purchases online. Nevertheless, the female customers prefer to shop on line more frequently than the men consumers do. As argued by Benlian, Titah and Hess (2012), the level of education could influence e-shopping; this means the higher educated people are more concerned and comfortable with non-store channels like the internet for making purchases because education is correlated with the level of internet knowledge gained by an individual. On the other side, Delmas, Fischlein and Asensio (2013) argued that the people with higher disposable income prefer to shop more on internet in comparison with the lower disposable income people. This is because people with higher disposable income are often seen to be correlated with the possession of technology such as computer device. In addition, Krishnamurti et al. (2012) opined that convenience and the accessibility are related to online shopping as they could shop online. It certainly saves time and cost; they gain the ability to shop any time. Conversely, Lee and Ma (2012) added that the customers who do not have the ability to shop in conventional store due to some immobilizing factors. Further, for the customers who tend to go the wide distance to go to the stores, hence, techniques of internet shopping play an important role. It is also observed that in the online shopping context, the customers evaluate the experience of online shopping with respect to the perceptions of about product information. Thus, it can be mentioned that with the advancement of information technology, multiple options of trading have been developed that also provide the opportunities to the people to gain benefits spending less time on internet. Research Questions for the identified problems What is the influence of Information Technology on consumer buying behaviour? What is the basic demographic comparison between the impact of IT on consumer behaviour and traditional ways of marketing on consumer behaviour? Research methodologies Research methodology is one of the significant aspects of research as the majority of success depends on the selection of research methodology (Creswell, 2013). For the proposed research, some particular research techniques will be selected that meet the criteria of research. Thus, to collect the information regarding the impact of IT on consumer buying behaviour, the research will include both primary as well as secondary analysis. Apart from the types of analysis, particular approaches, philosophies and designs will be applied to lead the research towards the desired direction. Among different philosophies of research, positive ism philosophy will be selected as it helps to analyze the data with factual knowledge and observations. In addition, the positivism research philosophy helps to measure the outcome gained from the research. Besides, between two approaches, the deductive approach has been chosen for the proposed research as this particular approach could help to form the con clusion through the stage of analysis. In addition, the deductive approach is concerned with developing the hypothesis of the proposed research that are usually based on the existing theory. The selection of deductive approach also helps to design the research strategies while testing the hypothesis (Witwer et al. 2013). Like the philosophy and approach of research, appropriate research design will also be selected. In order to perform the research considering the research questions, descriptive research design will be selected. The descriptive research could help to identify the ways in which the research can be done with fewer flaws. In addition, as the research includes both primary as well as secondary data analysis descriptive research will contain the elements of quantitative and quantitative data collection techniques. As mentioned by Jensen (2013), in descriptive researches, the data collection is usually facilitated without altering the environment. Moreover, there have been three different purposes of performing the research such as describing, planning and validating the research outcome that can be done through descriptive research. Project plan (Gantt chart) Research Activities 1-4 4-8 8-12 12-16 16-20 20-24 24-28 Research Topic Secondary data collection Phases of investigation Existing literature and hypothesis forming Research plans Selecting Research Techniques Secondary data Analysis Interpretation of the collected data Findings and Analysis Conclusion Formation of Draft Final Submission of the thesis paper Table 1: Research Time Table Description of the process The proposed research is consisting of a number of stages that will be considered while performing the research. The research will start with introducing the variable of the topic such as the impact of Information Technology and the consumer buying behaviour. While comparing the previous research with the proposed research, some significant gaps will be identified and based on the gaps the proposed techniques will be applied for gaining desired research outcomes. Based on the research questions, a critical analysis will be conducted considering the variable of the topic. Likewise, the research carries forward with an in-depth literature review. The next phase of the research comes with the research methodology that will be selected to analyze the dependent variable of the topic. The research selects appropriate research methods that include both primary and secondary analysis. Likewise, the researcher will collect both primary as well as secondary data through different data collecti on techniques. In order to collect primary data, survey method will be conducted considering a broad population. The respondents will be selected through particular sampling. The random sampling will be selected for choosing the respondents for the survey. On the contrary, the secondary data will be gathered from different secondary sources. Descriptions of data collection and analysis techniques For collecting the information for the research, it is necessary to apply relevant data collection techniques. Thus, for the proposed research the secondary data will be collected from books, journals, newspapers, magazines and other online portals. There is plenty of data available in these particular sources. Thus, the application of a set of criteria to choose the secondary data needs to be used in the research. The selection criteria play a major role in maximizing the level of research reliability as well as validity. On the contrary, while collecting the primary data, the process will be divided into two different groups namely qualitative as well as quantitative. The techniques for collecting quantitative data includes questionnaire with close-ended questions. Thus, to gather the secondary information, the survey will be among the participants. The questionnaire will be among the participants. For making the analysis of the data, responses given by the respondents will be compared with the data collected from the existing literature. The collected data will be into the numerical forms to perform the statistical calculation. The gathered information will be linked literature review. Expected outcome of the proposed research By conducting this particular research, the certain outcome can be gained. However, in the previous research, it is observed that most of the organizations around the world have been using information technology to meet and satisfy the needs of customers. This has become the motto of the organization. The outcome, which is supposed to be gained from the proposed research, will be compared with the previous research. However, the proposed research will mainly focus on the potential factors that influence the customers to use internet service and make a buying decision. Reference List: Belanche, D., Casal, L.V. and Guinalu, M., 2012. Website usability, consumer satisfaction and the intention to use a website: The moderating effect of perceived risk.Journal of retailing and consumer services,19(1), pp.124-132. Benlian, A., Titah, R. and Hess, T., 2012. Differential effects of provider recommendations and consumer reviews in e-commerce transactions: An experimental study.Journal of Management Information Systems,29(1), pp.237-272. Cheung, C.M. and Thadani, D.R., 2012. The impact of electronic word-of-mouth communication: A literature analysis and integrative model.Decision Support Systems,54(1), pp.461-470. Creswell, J.W., 2013.Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Delmas, M.A., Fischlein, M. and Asensio, O.I., 2013. Information strategies and energy conservation behavior: A meta-analysis of experimental studies from 1975 to 2012.Energy Policy,61, pp.729-739. Jensen, K.B. ed., 2013.A handbook of media and communication research: Qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Routledge. Kesharwani, A. and Singh Bisht, S., 2012. The impact of trust and perceived risk on internet banking adoption in India: An extension of technology acceptance model.International Journal of Bank Marketing,30(4), pp.303-322. Krishnamurti, T., Schwartz, D., Davis, A., Fischhoff, B., de Bruin, W.B., Lave, L. and Wang, J., 2012. Preparing for smart grid technologies: A behavioral decision research approach to understanding consumer expectations about smart meters.Energy Policy,41, pp.790-797. Lee, W., Xiong, L. and Hu, C., 2012. The effect of Facebook users arousal and valence on intention to go to the festival: Applying an extension of the technology acceptance model.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(3), pp.819-827. Lee, C.S. and Ma, L., 2012. News sharing in social media: The effect of gratifications and prior experience.Computers in Human Behavior,28(2), pp.331-339. Solomon, M., Russell-Bennett, R. and Previte, J., 2012.Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU Venkatesh, V., Thong, J.Y. and Xu, X., 2012. Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology.MIS quarterly,36(1), pp.157-178. Witwer, K.W., Buzas, E.I., Bemis, L.T., Bora, A., Lsser, C., Ltvall, J., Nolte, E.N., Piper, M.G., Sivaraman, S., Skog, J. and Thry, C., 2013. Standardization of sample collection, isolation and analysis methods in extracellular vesicle research.Journal of extracellular vesicles,2.

Project Management Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), Its Accomplishments, Constraints, and Current Reform In Relation To Project Management in the Nigerian Power Sector

Executive Summary This research work is designed to investigate energy industry in Nigeria, particularly the Power Holding Company of Nigeria’s dealings in terms of project management. Essentially, the study will focus on a variety of issues pertaining the company’s accomplishments, constraints, and current reforms in the power industry.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Project Management: Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), Its Accomplishments, Constraints, and Current Reform In Relation To Project Management in the Nigerian Power Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The study will be titled â€Å"Project Management: Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), Its Accomplishments, Constraints and Current Reform In Relation To Project Management in The Nigerian Power Sector†. It is of the idea of finding out how project management has been conducted, challenges involved, and eventually successes achieved. The objective of the study will be to highlight the importance of PHCN, its achievements since formation, investigate the growth or decline the power sector, investigate challenges faced, and study the current reforms being undertaken, as well as their benefits. Relevant data for this research topic will be sourced from a number of sources both primary and secondary sources. A descriptive method of study will be employed for this research. Questionnaires will be issued to the staff in the organization, where 210 people will participate. A sample of 140 will be drawn from this population. Chi-square test will be used to test the validity of the hypothesis. Background The inability of most of the countries in Africa to provide access to power to most of its citizens has been considered as the curse on development (Okoro, Chikuni 2007 p. 125). Energy is particularly crucial for any country that wants to achieve sustainable development. Many developed cities across the world have seen those kinds of tremendous growths because of availability and access to energy (Barnett Rolando, 2002, p. 177). The availability to a number of sectors of the country always determines the rate and level of development of that country. Energy is an indispensable element of transforming a subsidence economy to a service-oriented or production economy (Ekpo, Iyoha 2007, p.127). Energy has vast impact on education, manufacturing and production, service health, transport, housing and other demography. The need for safe and reliable source of energy has inspired countries to establish companies that would enable them to produce, and distribute energy. One of such companies is the Power Holding Company of Nigeria (Ekpo, Iyoha 2007, p.127).Advertising Looking for proposal on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lack of access to these energy sources can cause and increase in poverty. For instanc e, people would spend a lot of time seeking cheap and available sources like firewood and charcoal for cooking and lighting (Barnett Rolando, 2002, p. 177). These cause so much emission hence not friendly for the environment. Furthermore, cheap sources can cause health risks for instance use of paraffin and coal, as they require exceptionally large ventilation to burn. The best energy alternative has been electricity as it is clean and remarkably efficient. Its development in Nigeria goes back to the late 19th century. During that time, in 1898, the first electricity generating company was built in Lagos. According to Okoro and Chikuni (2007), â€Å"Distribution of power was a bit poor until 1950s since, the pattern of electricity lines was a few individual electricity power undertakings scattered across urban centres† (p.125). Few of those undertakings were public works departments, and municipal councils (Ekpo, Iyoha 2007, p.127). The power Holding company of Nigeria (PHC N) reserves the authority to produce and distribute electricity. The company has an installed capacity of 4,200 MW, a target it never reaches. At the best moments, the company produces 3,300 MW. Only 40% of the population has access to electricity, and it gets worse in rural areas where only 10% of people have access to electricity (Hall 2006, p. 7; Ariyo, Jerome 2004, p.5). Research Aims The goal of the research will be to investigate the accomplishments, challenges and the current reforms that PHCN faced during its project management endeavours. This case study helps in understanding how the organization has been performing since its inception in terms of power production and distribution in the country. Specific aims of the research included the following:Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Project Management: Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), Its Accomplishments, Constraints, and Current Reform In Relation To Project Management in the Nigerian Powe r Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To investigate the importance, achievements or the benefits of PHCN formation To examine the growth and decline of the power production and distribution To investigate the current reforms in the power sector and recommend appropriate strategies that could better in the current power production and distribution Objectives The objective of the study was to analyze the project management of the PHCN in Nigeria. The other objectives of the research will be; To study the various regimes the power sector has gone through and the accomplishments achieved by each of these regimes To determining the impact of the formation and functioning of PHCN on the power sector in Nigeria To investigate the strengths and challenges of PHCN in all sectors of PHCN Questions Significance This research will be immensely beneficial to every sector in Nigeria’s economy particularly the PHCN and its management need to establish a policy, which will ensure efficient and effective power production and distribution (Ibitoye, Adenikinju 2007, p. 501). The study will help to highlight the challenges that plague PHCN. The state owned organization (PHCN) will be able to use this research to assess its efficiency and means of working so that it can make amendments in its project management strategies where necessary. This viewpoint will help managers to develop ideas and solution to the said challenges hence coming up with the best ways to manage its projects. The study hopes to arouse more study into the functional departments of the company by scholars hence broadening research resources. Therefore, the research will be of immense benefit to managers and researches as a point of reference for study and decision-making. Literature Review To be able to understand the position of Nigeria’s power sector in a practical context, it is pertinent to have a brief review of the PHCN developments to offer more insight in the industry since its inception (Ibitoye, Adenikinju 2007, p. 501). Brief History of PHCN Decree number 24 of April 1972 formed the National Electric Power Authority (NEPA) formed following the merging of the Niger Dam Authority and the Electricity Corporation of Nigeria (ECN) (Hall 2006, p. 7). The 2005 unbinding of NEPA led to the formation of Power Holding Company of Nigeria. NEPA had been established to maintain efficient and coordinated power supply to every part of the country. Regardless of the problems that NEPA faced after its formation, the organization was able to make significant developments in the country’s socio-economic development. This saw Nigeria advance unusually fast into the industrial society.Advertising Looking for proposal on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Importance of PHCN The power production and distribution industry in Nigeria is under the management of the Power Holding Company of Nigeria. The power sector has seen a number of transformation thought that has not been enough to increase its supply of power to the people and still the supply fall below 40% (Okoro, Chikuni 2007 p. 125). However, some few merits of PHCN have been identified as follows: The power holding company of Nigeria has significantly improved the electricity billing system and clients can now settle their bill conveniently and via a much easier process (PHCN 2004, p.1). As a result, bank revenue-collection system was introduced to complement the collection of cash from the PHCN counters. This program has enabled facilitation of prompt and regular settlement of the monthly power bills. This has been made possible by the fact that customers are no longer required to travel out of their residential areas to towns to pay electricity bills (PHCN 2004, p.1). Custom er service has improved due to institutionalization of the business. There is full and accurate settling of bills and the staff is more motivated to do their job (PHCN 2004, p.1). Company Background in Various Regimes and Achievements Supply of electricity commenced after formation of two small generating set to light up Lagos. By 1951, ECN was established by act of parliament to oversee the distribution. The Niger Dams Authority (NDA) was established after construction of a hydropower station of R. Niger in 1968, to distribute power (ESI 2004, p.18). The two bodies merged in 1972 to become NEPA. NEPA was unbundled to institute power reforms to be renamed Power Holding Company of Nigeria in 2005 (Ekpo 2008, p.78). NEPA was state owned organization vertically integrated power management firm. The organization has the authority to produce, transmit, and distribute electricity. As a public utility company, NEPA has been able to tap the country’s large water potentials to increas es power production (Anoruo 2004, p.2). The NDA was able to construct vital dams in Nigeria including Kainji, Afam, Delta, Jebba, Egbin Shiroro and Sapele power stations (ESI 2004, p.18). The Sapele and Afam thermal stations also add to the energy source in Nigeria. NEPA was able to fulfil its role of developing and maintaining an efficient and coordinated distribution of power through the federation (Anoruo 2004, p.2). NEPA enjoyed the quasi-commercialization status and building six main power stations increasing generation of power to 3,450 MW (Adoghe 2008, p.78). However, even with these achievements, the population and power needs grew exceptionally fast in Nigeria that the company could not meet the target. It hence needed more power stations to boost production (Anoruo 2004, p.2). Because of the unbundling process, NEPA became PHCN following the Power reform bill signed into law by President Olesugun Obasanjo (Jenide 2005, p.6). The policy decree provided the legal and regulat ory guideline for the new strategies of commercial power generation and distribution. Private companies were also allowed to be involved in the production, transmission, and distribution of power. PHCN made some advances even amidst myriads of problems (Ariyo, Jerome 2004, p.6). The organization saw more additional thermal stations constructed. As already highlighted in previous paragraphs, thus body saw the development of better billing system increasing collection and making billing more efficient. The PHCN is now separated into six power generation companies and eleven power distribution companies. All these firms will be privatized (Ikeme, Ebohon 2005, p.1214). Logistics and union problems are some of the huddles delaying the process. Reforms and Constraints The inability of the PHCN to achieve the target power target has inspired reforms. The law initiating these reforms was signed in 2005 – the Nigerian Electric Power Sector reform act. The decree stipulates that ther e be a Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commissions (NERC) (Jenide 2005, p.7). The commission will function to regulate the energy system ensuring that there is efficient, fair, and organized competitive power market while at the same time shielding the public interest (Ikeme, Ebohon 2005, p.1214). NERC has been privatization of the utility company. This has been slow to take off since the public feels that; unguided privatization will cause skyrocketing prices making poor people more vulnerable (Chikwendu 2006, p.45). Something the organization should be seeking to increase. The famous power sector reform has been seen as an effort to propel the economy in some direction. The problem is, however, whether timing is correct (Jenide 2005, p.7). Some critics doubt whether the process was given adequate thought and scrutiny. The reforms are intended to improve the power sector to a level of attracting private sector participation, enlarge production capacity, improve service delivery ma king them more efficient, and encourage capital investors. However, even within the construction of new power stations, the reforms have not seen the expected results yet (Ezigbo 2004, p.104). Hypothesis Based on the research objective developed for this study, the following hypotheses will be used; Ho – the various regimes PHCN has gone through have not attained significant benefits Ha1 – the PHCN has had a positive impact on Nigeria’s power sector Ha 2 – the PHCN has had benefits to Power sector despite challenges Proposed Data Analysis Plan: Theoretical Framework For quite a long time, Nigeria has not seen the development and advances it expected to see in its energy sector even with several reforms it established. Theoretical frameworks will be used to investigate a number of topics that may have caused or resulted into the benefits seen with each regime of power management. The method is beneficial in that it will help in critical evaluation of the t heoretical assumption; it will connect the investigator with existing knowledge then guide him/her to a new discovery based on the hypothesis. The main questions of why and how are answered allowing the researcher a straightforward description of a phenomenon observed like poor power generation amidst reforms. Methodology Research design: The study shall employ a descriptive survey method for investigation. It is deemed paramount to determine the process and method of study, since it will offer better background information to the readers enabling them to do better evaluation and understand how conclusions were deduced. Both primary and secondary sources of data will be used for the study. Primary data will be collected via interviews of the PHCN employees while secondary data will include literature on PHCN from the library and the internet. Population of study will be employees of the company and some consumers of electricity. Data collection method will be a questionnaire. Antici pated Problems and Timetable (Gantt chart) The researcher anticipates few problems with regard to conducting the study. He anticipated lack of access to some important information from company employees as government utilities are cautious with giving out information. Financial and time constraints are likely to limit the study. Research Timeline Task Time Defining The Topic and Consulting Supervisors Mar 4 – Mar 6 2012 Developing Research Questions collection of literature Mar 5 – Mar 15, 2012 Preparation of the Research Proposal Mar 18 – Mar 25, 2012 Presentation of The Research Proposal Mar 26, 2012 Literature review or Secondary Research Mar 28 – Apr 4, 2012 Finalization Of Research Methods And Plan Apr 4 – Apr 8, 2012 Presentation of the Proposal to University Research Department for correction and approval Apr 10, 2012 Submission of Proposal To Ethical issues regulatory agency Apr 11, 2012 Organizing Travelling, Obtaini ng Contacts, and Making the Budget For Research Apr 12 – Apr 13, 2012 Receiving Authorization From Ethical issues agency Apr 15, 2012 Carrying Out Pilot Research and Writing Up the results Apr 16 – Apr 13, 2012 Revising Research Methodology In Light Of Pilot study Jun 14, 2012 Carrying Out of the Research Jun 15 – Jun 29, 2012 Analyzing the Findings And Mapping Out the Presentation And Thesis Jun 30 – Jul 6, 2012 Writing the First Draft and consulting with supervisor Jun 7 – Jun 10, 2012 Writing the Final Draft Jun 11 – Jun 13, 2012 Consulting with Examiners and time for the Supervisor And Research Office to Make Consultation with Examiners Jun 14 – Jun 18, 2012 Preparing the Final Thesis For Submission and time for the Supervisor to evaluate Readiness For Submission Jun 19 – Jun 21, 2012 Submission of the Thesis Jun 24, 2012 Conclusion Conclusion For a number of years, regardless of the consisted investm ent by the government into the power sector, the country has experienced power outages and the public is not convinced that this is normal there are complaints that the tariffs reduced compared to cost of power production. To end all these problems, the state instituted power reforms and the main one has been the privatization of the state owned PHCN. This measure is intended to curb production, stop financial losses, and make efficient power distribution. Reference List Adoghe, A. U., 2008. Power Sector Reforms in Nigeria – Likely Effects on Power Reliability and Stability in Nigeria. [Online] Web. Anoruo, C., 2004. Unbundling and Its Dynamics. NEPA News, March-May. Ariyo, A., Jerome, A., 2004. Utility Privatization and the Poor: Nigeria in Focus. In HBS Global Issues Papers NO.12. [Online] Available at Barnett, S., Rolando, O., 2002. Operational Aspects of Fiscal Policy in Oil-Producing Countries. Working Paper No. WP/02/177. Washington DC: International Monetary Fund. C hikwendu, C., 2006. Engendering Nigerian Energy Policy. Paper Prepared For The UN Commission On Sustainable Development. ENERGIA – International Network on Gender and Sustainable Energy. Leusden. Ekpo, I. E., Iyoha, M.O., 2007. Nigeria’s Power Sector: Progress, Problems and Prospects. The International Journal on Hydropower and Dams, 14(6), pp. 127. Ekpo, I., 2008. Challenges of Hydropower Development in Nigeria. Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources paper No. 262, pp.76-80. ESI, 2004. Attracting Investment and Sustaining Development. Privatizing the Nigerian Electricity Sector. [Online] Web. Ezigbo, O., 2004. Nigeria: Expanding NEPA’s Generation Capacity: Dream or Reality? This Day Newspaper, pp. 104. Hall, D., 2006. Water and Electricity in Nigeria. [Online] Available at: http://www.psiru.org/index.html. Ibitoye, F. I., Adenikinju, A., 2007. Future Demand for Electricity in Nigeria, Applied Energy Journal, 84(5), pp. 492-504. Ikeme, J., Eboho n, O. J., 2005. Nigeria’s Electric Power Sector Reform: What Should Form the Key Objectives? Energy Policy, 33(9), pp. 1213-1221. Jenide, A., 2005. Understanding the Electric Power sector Reform Act. The Guardian, 6, pp. 6-9. Okoro, O. L., Chikuni, E., 2007. Power Sector Reforms in Nigeria: Opportunities and Challenges. Journal of Energy in Southern Africa, 18(3), pp. 123-132. PHCN, 2004. Customer Service Charter: PHCN Nigeria. [Online] Web. This proposal on Project Management: Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), Its Accomplishments, Constraints, and Current Reform In Relation To Project Management in the Nigerian Power Sector was written and submitted by user Kimber A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.